For the electron excitation experiments, copper and tungsten targets were employed as X-ray sources, as they emit distinctive X-ray spectra upon electron-beam bombardment.

Figure 1. a) Excitation and emission spectrum of GFP (Source: Biotium). Image Credit: Analytik Jena US. Figure 1. b) Excitation and emission spectrum of RFP (Source: Biotium).

The amount of fluorescence energy is 3% the amount of excitation light energy for most fluorescence applications.. Fluorescence light has a lower energy or a higher wavelength when compared to the ...

Fluorescence spectroscopy measures the photoluminescence of a sample, that is, the light emitted by it upon excitation by photons. When a molecule absorbs radiation, ... Sensors can be based on ...

The probability of excitation depends exponentially on the intensity of the excitation light, which is at a maximum at the objective focus. As a result, multiphoton excitation generates an intrinsic ...

In ratio fluorometric experiments a scanning monochromator is useful for investigating intracellular cation concentrations. This article describes the various benefits of using the scanning ...

Green fluorescent proteins are being used for more and more applications in molecular and cellular biology. As a result of the variety of applications several variants form the original wild type ...

"If you move out to 317 nm there is a tail of the tryptophan excitation spectrum, where the absorption coefficient drops by a couple of orders of magnitude but is still sufficient for excitation," ...

Fluorescence imaging can be conducted with long Stokes shift dyes that minimize crosstalk between the excitation source and fluorescent emission to improve the signal-to-background ratio.